1Īccording to the results of a questionnaire survey (see Sect. Furthermore, looking at the characteristics of urban agriculture from the sectoral composition of agricultural products, the proportion of vegetables is extremely high. ![]() On the other hand, agriculture in urbanized areas is carried out by taking advantage of the location characteristics of being close to a large number of consumers, the share of agricultural output value in the whole country accounts for 6.8%. However, since the share of agricultural land in the urbanized area is only 1.5%, the scale of cultivated land for agricultural management in the urbanized area is small. Furthermore, new movements such as plant factories and rooftop farms that are not dependent on urban farmland are appearing.Ĭomparing agriculture in urbanized areas with that of Japan as a whole, the share of the number of agricultural management entities is 10.2% (MAFF 2020). Urban agriculture includes different forms of business in Japan, such as experience farms/allotment gardens, off-market distribution such as direct sales and school meals, disaster prevention cooperation farmland, green areas/waterside spaces in urban areas, etc., and many of them are considered to have the function of positive externalities. In recent years, the Law on Green Production Land has been amended in 2017 and the Law Concerning the Facilitation of Leasing of Urban Farmland has been enacted in 2018 for the development of business and the fulfillment of multiple functions of urban agriculture in Japan. Policy implication drawn from the above-mentioned results suggests that a system change may happen when urban agriculture in Japan becomes more familiar to general urban residents through collective social entrepreneurship. However, social entrepreneurs fallen into social dilemma of cognitive innovation should pay more attention to organizational learning while involving residents in urban agriculture. Second, the results of case analysis clarified that social entrepreneurs with radical cognitive innovation and gradual cognitive innovation are able to solve social problems and enhance competency through urban agriculture with stakeholders. ![]() First, the results of latent class analysis clarified that diversified cognition and behavior toward urban agriculture are existing in urban residents. The following results are obtained from our empirical analysis. Specifically, we introduce a mixed methods approach by integrating a multiple case-based qualitative exploration method for clarifying the cognitive innovation of social entrepreneurship and a quantitative sociological approach to the authors’ original questionnaire for analyzing the urban residents’ cognition toward urban agriculture. The purpose of this research is to clarify the mechanism of creating shared value in Japan’s urban agriculture by focusing on the cognitive innovation of social entrepreneurship and urban residents’ cognition and behavior toward urban agriculture.
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